Homing in on the Hormone that May Drive Obesity in Postmenopausal Women

For women approaching menopause, a common change is an increase in obesity, which, in turn, raises the risk for breast cancer after menopause. That much is known. What science hasn’t quite figured out is the bodily mechanism that causes this obesity, also known as adiposity, to develop during the menopause transition.

Researchers from UB and the University of Arizona have teamed up to find out. The project—funded through a five-year $3.8 million R01 grant from the National Cancer Institute—is homing in on the role follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) plays during menopause and how it contributes to the development of postmenopausal obesity and breast cancer. It is the largest study of its kind in older women.

“Our hypothesis is that follicle stimulating hormone is driving weight gain, and the weight gain increases the risk of breast cancer,” says Heather Ochs-Balcom, PhD, associate professor of epidemiology and environmental health and a principal investigator on the study with Jennifer W. Bea, PhD, University of Arizona Cancer Center. Jean Wactawski-Wende, PhD, SUNY Distinguished Professor and dean of the School of Public Health and Health Professions, is a co-investigator.

A hormone released by the pituitary gland, FSH plays an important role in female development and reproduction by stimulating growth of the ovarian follicle before ovulation, Ochs-Balcom explains.

“Interestingly, later in life, in the years before menopause and before the drop in estrogen occurs, FSH levels start to rise,” she said. “It is during this time that women notice changes in their body, such as abdominal obesity. Previously, the drop in estrogen has been blamed, but there may be an independent, or separate, role for FSH.”

Ochs-Balcom and Bea became interested in investigating the role of FSH after seeing the results of a study that showed that blocking follicle stimulating hormone can reduce obesity in mice.

“We are excited to see how this work translates to humans and to extend it further to include breast cancer since we know that obesity increases postmenopausal breast cancer risk,” said Ochs-Balcom, an expert on genetic and environmental risk factors for cancer.

The study will leverage the large amount of data compiled through the Women’s Health Initiative, the long-term national health study for which UB is the Northeast Regional Center.

Researchers will study hormone levels from samples stored in a WHI biobank and detailed measures of abdominal obesity in the years before a breast cancer diagnosis.

The study also builds on preliminary work led by Ochs-Balcom and funded by the New York State Peter T. Rowley program. Epidemiology PhD student Lindsey Mattick received a fellowship from the National Institutes of Health to investigate FSH and bone mineral density.

“We hope that our work can help us understand why women develop abdominal obesity and then, in the longer term, how to prevent it,” Ochs-Balcom said. “Preventing obesity is the ultimate goal and may in turn prevent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other obesity-related cancers.”