Klerkx, Laurens & Leeuwis, Cees. (2007). Institutionalizing end-user demand steering in agricultural R&D:. Research Policy, (37), 460-472.
Format: Peer-reviewed article
Type: Research — Non-experimental
Experience level of reader: Fundamental
Annotation: Literature review and case study show that efforts to institutionalize end-user demand pull forces within R&D funding programs, are mitigated by the values, norms, interests and inter-dependencies of key actors within the sponsor and the R&D organizations.
Setting(s) to which the reported activities/findings are relevant: Large business, Small business (less than 500 employees)
Knowledge user(s) to whom the piece of literature may be relevant: Manufacturers, Policy Makers, Researchers
Knowledge user level addressed by the literature: Sector
This article uses the Commercial Devices and Services version of the NtK Model
Method: An Innovation Systems perspective suggests that end users should be involved in the identification of enabling or constraining factors to innovation. End users should also be involved in joint actions to capitalize on possibilities and remove impediments that may exist (e.g., legislation, infrastructure, policy, culture).
Case study of an agricultural system within The Netherlands.
Occurrence of finding within the model: Step 2.3, Step 2.2
Carrier: To mitigate power inequalities and transcend the different cognitive and cultural worlds of participating stakeholders, an independent facilitator should guide the process and fulfill an intermediary role as a knowledge broker. (Sperling & Ashby [2001]; Hargadon [2002])
Occurrence of finding within the model: Step 4.1, Step 4.11, Step 2.2, Step 3.5, Step 1.1, Step 6.3, Step 6.1, Step 5.3