Biemans, W.G. (1991). User and third-party involvement in developing medical equipment innovations. Technovation, (April), 13-181.
Format: Peer-reviewed article
Type: Research — Non-experimental
Experience level of reader: Fundamental
Annotation: The study reports the operation of networks of manufacturers, users and third parties in various stages of the NPD process. While manufacturers and users evidenced high levels of collaboration, the study found that third parties performed key activities in two-thirds of the cases studied.
Setting(s) to which the reported activities/findings are relevant: Large business, Small business (less than 500 employees)
Knowledge user(s) to whom the piece of literature may be relevant: Consumers, Manufacturers
Knowledge user level addressed by the literature: Organization
This article uses the Commercial Devices and Services version of the NtK Model